
Human presence is established in the Northern Yukon areas as far back as 26,500 years ago. The aboriginal peoples of Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Metis. European presence started when the Vikings settled briefly in Newfoundland around AD 1000. John Cabot of Italy in 1497 and Jacques Cartier of France were the explorers who helped establish permanent European settlements. Not to be outdone, the English established fishing outposts in Newfoundland around 1610. A series of Inter-colonial wars followed between 1689 and 1763 and culminated in the ‘Treaty of Paris’ whereby most of Canada was ceded to Britain. The Province of Canada was established in 1841 and the Confederation on July 1, 1867 (Dominion Day). Dominion Day became ‘Canada Day’ in 1982. 
Canada has a land area of 3.85M square miles and a population of around 34M resulting in a population density of just around 8 per square mile. Its population density is one of the smallest and the land-area is the second largest in the world. Due to the vast size, Canada has a wide variety of climates. Canada has a per-capita GDP of around $40,000 (ppp) making it a very wealthy country. It has vast amounts of natural resources in the form oil (second largest after Saudi Arabia) & natural gas, zinc, uranium, timber, etc. They are net exporters of energy although they have a sizable manufacturing sector. Agriculture is another important sector and Canada is one of the world’s largest supplier of agricultural products.Present day Canada includes the provinces of British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland.
These areas previously issued their own stamps. The first stamps of the province of Canada were issued in 1851 and feature three different designs. The set of three stamps (Scott #1 to #3) are worth a small fortune – close to $110,000 for MNH and around half that for Used. The most valuable among them is the 12p QV issue (Scott #3) at around $80,000 for MNH and $55,000 for Used. The designs show Beaver, Prince Albert, and Queen Victoria. The same set was reissued in the 1852 to 1855 time-frame in woven paper instead of laid paper. The first two stamps in that set is also fairly valuable at around $1000 and $10000 for MNH and around $200 and $1200 for Used. Certain varieties sell for even more. This was followed by a single issue (Scott #7) released in 1855 showing Jacques Cartier, the famous 16th century French explorer who first explored Canada. This stamp is also extremely valuable at around $6000 for MNH and $1500 for Used.
A few other reissues and certain other varieties in the QV theme dominated the scene until 1898. Significant among them is a set of eleven stamps (Scott #50 to #65) released on June 19 1897 showing QV portraits from 1837 & 1897. It was released to mark the sixtieth year of Queen Victoria’s reign. The set catalogs for around $3000 MNH and $1000 for Used.Below are other relevant stamp issues of Canada over the years:
- A set of eight stamps (Scott #96 to #103) released on July 16 1908 showing royal portraits and historic scenes.
The set released to mark Quebec’s Tercentenary catalogs for around $1700 MNH and $475 for Used. The designs show Prince & Princess of Wales, Jacques Cartier & Samuel de Champlain, Queen Alexandra & King Edward, Champlain’s Home in Quebec, Generals Montcalm & Wolfe, View of Quebec in 1700, Champlain’s Departure for the West, and Arrival of Cartier at Quebec.
- A set of five stamps (Scott #141 to #145) released on June 29 1927 to mark the sixtieth year of the Canadian Confederation. The set catalogs for around $75 MNH and $15 Used. The designs show Sir John A. Macdonald, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, “The Fathers of Confederation”, Parliament Building at Ottawa, and Map of Canada.
- A set of six stamps (Scott #211 to #216) released on May 4 1935 to mark the 25th anniversary of the accession to the throne of King George V.
A sister set of eleven stamps (Scott #217 to #227) was also released on June 1 1935. The first set catalogs for around $40 MNH and $10 Used and the second set for $210 MNH and $20 Used. The designs in the first set show Princess Elizabeth, Duke of York, King George V & Queen Mary, Prince of Wales, Windsor Castle, Royal Yacht Britannia, and King George V. The second set shows King George V, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Confederation Conference at Charlottetown (1864), Niagara Falls, Parliament Buildings of Victoria in BC, and Champlain Monument of Quebec. 
- A set of fourteen stamps (Scott #249 to #262) released in 1942 to mark Canada’s contributions to the war effort. The set catalogs for around $200 MNH and $15 Used. The designs show King George V, Grain Elevators, Farm Scene, Parliament Buildings, “Ram” Tank, Corvette, Munitions Factory, and a Destroyer.
- A set of fourteen stamps (Scott #417 to #429A) released between 1964 & 1966 in the “Promotion of World Peace” theme.
The designs shw Three-Mapled-Leaf Emblem (Canadian Unity), White Trillium and Arms of Ontario, White Garden Lily and Arms of Quebec, Mayflower & Arms of Nova Scotia, Purple Violet and Arms of New Brunswick, Prairie Crocus and Arms of Manitoba, Dogwood and Arms of British Columbia, Lady’s Slipper and Arms of Prince Edward Island, Prairie Lily and Arms of Saskatchewan, Wild Rose and Arms of Alberta, Pitcher Plant and Arms of Newfoundland, Fireweed and Arms of Yukon, Mountain avens and arms of Northwest Territories, and Maple leaf and arms of Canada. The beautiful set is surprisingly inexpensive at $3 for MNH and Used. It is a great starter collection for collectors who would like to specialize in the ‘World Peace’ theme. - A long set of seventeen stamps (Scott #586 to #601) released between 1972 and 1976 showing Great Men of Canada and local scenes.
The set catalogs for around $15 MNH and $7 Used. The designs show Sir John A. Mcdonald, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Sir Robert L. Borden, William Lyon Mackenzie, Richard Bedford Bennet, Lester B. Pearson, Louis St Laurent, Queen Elizabeth II, Mountain Sheep of Western Canada, Grain Fields in the Prairies, Polar Bears of the North, Vancouver in BC, and the Seashore of Quebec. 
- A set of five stamps (Scott #909 to #913, #913a) released in 1982 to mark the International Philatelic Youth Exhibition held in Toronto in 1982. The set and the souvenir sheet each catalog for around $3 MNH and Used. The design shows ‘Stamps on Stamps’ of the following Canadian Issues – Scott #1, Scott #102, Scott #223, Scott #155, and Scott #158.
- A set of twelve stamps (Scott #955 to #966) released on June 30 1982 to mark the first ‘Canada Day’. The set catalogs for around $7 MNH and $6 Used. The designs show the following paintings:
The Highway near Kluana Lake by A.Y.Jackson, Montreal Street Scene by Adrien Hebert, Breakwater by Christopher Pratt, Along Great Slave Lake by Rene Richard, Tea Hill by Molly Lamb, Family and Rainstorm by Alex Colville, Brown Shadows by Dorothy Knowles, The Red Brick House by David Milne, Campus Gates by Bruno Bobak, Prairie Town – Early Morning by Illingworth Kerr, Totems at Ninstints by Joe Plaskett, and Doc Snider’s House by Lionel LeMoine FitzGerald. This issue was followed every year by a set of stamps in the same theme. ‘Canada Day’ or a broader ‘Independence Day’ theme can be another excellent theme for collectors who want to specialize. Most of these sets are inexpensive and can be acquired with minimal effort. 
- A stamp (Scott #1270) released on April 5 1990 to mark the Multicultural Heritage of Canada. The stamp is inexpensive at less than a dollar for MNH and 20c for Used. There is an error variety with Inscriptions omitted which fetch a huge premium at around $1000.
- A strip of four stamps (Scott #1591 to #1594) released on January 9 1996 in the
‘Birds’theme. The set catalogs for around $3 MNH or Used. The designs show American Kestrel, Atlantic Puffin, Pileated Woodpecker, and Ruby-throated Hummingbird. - A set of ten stamps (Scott #1725 to #1734) and ten labels released on June 17 1998 in the ‘Canals of Canada’ theme. The set catalogs for around $12 MNH and around half that for used. A booklet pane with the labels can be had for a slight premium.
The designs show St. Peters Canal of Nova Scotia, St. Ours Canal of Quebec, Port Carling Lock of Ontario, Locks of Rideau Canal in Ontario, Peterborough life lock of Trent-Severn Waterway in Ontario, Chambly Canal of Quebec, Lachine Canal of Quebec, Ice Skating in Rideau Canal of Ottawa, Boat on Big Chute Marine Railway at Trent-Severn Waterway, and Sault Ste. Marie Canal of Ontario. - A long set of seventeen sheets (Scott #1818 to #1834). Each sheet show four stamps in a particular theme. The entire set can be had for around $70 MNH or Used. The themes and designs were Media Technologies: IMAX movies, animation software, Ted Rogers and radio tube, and Invention of radio facsimile device; Canadian Entertainment: Calgary Stampede, Performers from Cirque du Soleil, Hockey Night in Canada, La Soiree du Hockey; Entertainers: Portia White (singer), Glen Gould (pianist), Guy Lombardo (band leader), Felix Leclerc (singer), Fostering Canadian Talent: Roayal Canadian Academy of Arts (men viewing painting), Canada Council (sky, musical staff), National Film Board of Canada, and Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Medical Innovators: Sir Frederick Banting (insulin), Dr. Armand Frappier, Dr. Hans Selye, Maude Abbott; Social Progress: Nun, doctor and hospital, Statue of woman holding decree, Alphonse Desjardins and wife Dorimene, Father Moses Coady; Charity: Canadian International Development Agency, Dr. Lucille Teasdale, Marathon of Hope, Meals on Wheels program; Humanitarians and Peace Keepers: Raoul Dandurand, Pauline Vanier, Red cross volunteer and Elizabeth Smellie, Head of various nursing services, Lester B. Pearson, Prime Minister and Nobel Prize winner and Dove, Amputee and shadow; Canada’s First People: Chief Pontiac, Tom Longboat, Inuit Sculpture of Shaman, Medicine Man; Canada’s Cultural Fabric: Norse Boat, Immigrants on Halifax’s Pier, Neptune Theater, Stratford Festival; Literary Legends: W.O.Mitchell novelist and prairie scene, Gratien Gelinas actor and playwright and stars, Le Cercle du Livre de France book club, Harlequin paperback books; Great Thinkers:
Marshall McLuhan, Northrop Frye, Roger Lemelin, Hilda Marion Neatby; A Tradition of Generosity: Hart Massey, Dorothy and Izaak Killam, Eric Lafferty Harvie, and Macdonald Stewart Foundation; Engineering and Technological Marvels: Map of Rogers Pass, Manic Dams, Canadian Satellites, Remote Manipulator Arm, CN Tower; Fathers of Invention: George Klein, Abraham Gesner, Alexander Graham Bell, Joseph Armand Bombardier, Snowmobile; Food: Sir Charles Saunders, Marquis Wheat, Pablum, Dr. Archibald Gowanlock Hunstman, Products of McCain Foods; Enterprising Giants: Hudson’ Bay Company, Bell Canada Enterprises, Vachon Company Snack Cakes, George Weston Limited.
Last Updated: 07/2011.

























